Maternal near miss events, an obstetrician's nightmare

Background: Near-miss obstetric cases are those who have survived childbirth after a life-threatening complication of pregnancy. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of maternal near miss events, fetomaternal outcome and alongside analyze the importance of high dependency unit care for near miss patients in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality.Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Southern railway hospital during June 2019 July 2021. In this study, pregnant or postnatal women with life threatening complications are admitted to the HDU using SAMM composite score and maternal & perinatal outcome are documented. Data entry was done in Microsoft Excel and data were analyzed using Epi Info software (7.1.0.6). Results: Many indicators of maternal near miss are calculated. The incidence of near-miss events was 11.5/1,000 live births. The ratio of near-miss to maternal mortality was 7:1. Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy and Obstetric haemorrhage were the most common direct and cardiac diseases complicating pregnancies were the most common indirect causes of admission into HDU care.Conclusions: Evaluation of maternal near miss events provides a good sense about our deficiencies in referral system, treatment protocols and any delay in admission to intervention time. Good maternal outcome after HDU care in MNM patients and also cost-effective benefits

Utilisation of Information Resources among the Civil Service Exam Aspirants at Chennai: A Study

An information literate person achieves success in his career and life due to his intellectual knowledge and ability in selecting the best information resources available in plenty. Evolution of internet has changed the information history. Plenty of resources reaches infinite number of users but what requires for an individual is the information skill to locate and utilize the best information sources. To qualify in civil service exams in one of the toughest challenge but yet can be achieved if smartly planned. Smart planning can be viewed as what to read, what not to read, what to choose, what not to choose etc., Competition is ever increasing among the candidates but at the same time numerous web resources, coaching centres, senior officers assists their guidance as well. The present study focused on the utilisation of information resources among the civil service aspirants only at Chennai. Utilisation of information resources were analysed at four dimensions namely, information competency, awareness, accessibility and problems. Each dimensions had its own sub-dimensions

Reachability Based Web Page Ranking Using Wavelets

AbstractA naïve approach has been made by applying the concept of reachability for web page ranking and implementing multi resolution analysis using Haar wavelet to order the web pages. In this article, page ranking has been done by developing a structured signal using in links, out links and reachability values of the web pages of network graphs. Using Haar wavelet, the page ranking is proposed and developed. The average and detailed coefficients of the input signal and the down sampling process provides the necessary page ranking of web pages. This approach does not involve any iterative technique, damping factor or initialization of the page ranks. In this paper, comparison between the original page rank, category-based page rank and the proposed approach have been made. The result reflects the role of paths between the pages in page rankings

A Comparative Study of Text Summarization Based on Synchronous and Asynchronous PSO

Text summarization is the process of extracting the most important sentences from the original document without its meaning change. The paper focus on Extractive summarization technique which chooses the important sentences from the document and integrates into summary. An extractive summarization technique, Particle swarm Optimization performs arithmetic operations that enhances a problem, by iteratively trying to improve possible solution with regard to input data. It determines a problem by having a population of possible solutions moving around the search space according to arithmetic formulae over the particles position and velocity. The sequence of modernized particles of PSO can be categorized into Synchronous PSO (S-PSO) and Asynchronous PSO(A-PSO). In synchronous PSO, after calculating the whole performance, velocities and positions of the particles are modernized, this increases the performance. In A-PSO after calculating its performance, velocities and positions of the particles are modernized using partial data which leads to extreme analysis. The comparative study on the synchronous PSO and asynchronous PSO with the precision and recall values for different datasets is considered. Asynchronous PSO has higher precision and recall values compared to synchronous PSO. Asynchronous PSO leads to extreme analysis of data

An Ayurvedic approach to Low Back Pain

Low back pain is the leading cause of activity limitation and work absence throughout much of the world, imposing a high economic burden on individuals, families, communities, industry and governments. It is a prevalent condition that afflicts about 70% of people in developing countries at some point in their lifetime. Ayurvedic classical terms such as Katishoola, Kati Graha, Trika Shoola and Gridhrasi are used for describing the low back pain. The pain localized to low back can be considered under Katishoola and pain along with stiffness are included under Katigraha and Pain radiating to lower limb are considered under Gridhrasi. Treatment modalities which are beneficial for pacifying Vata such as Vatasaya Upakrama and Vatavyadhi Chikitsa are used in treating conditions of low back pain. Specific Chikitsa Sutras mentioned for the Katishoola, Katigraha, Trikashoola and Gridhrasi are to be followed in low back pain. To prevent the reoccurrence, lifestyle modification and low back strengthening exercise are to be advised

Design and Development of Mono Leaf Spring by using Composite Material (Epoxy-Carbon Fiber)

According to the demand of recent world, the more concentration is on weight reduction in automobiles. The possible weight reductions are wheel assembly, axles, and part of the weight of suspension spring and shock absorbers. The leaf spring accounts for 10-20% of the un-sprung weight. The composite materials made it possible to reduce the weight of machine element without any reduction of the load carrying capacity. Because of composite material\u27s high elastic strain energy storage capacity and high strength-to weight ratio compared with those of steel. FRP spring also have excellent fatigue resistance and durability. But the weight reduction of the leaf spring is achieved not only by material replacement but also by design optimization. Weight reduction has been the focus of automobile manufacturers in the present scenario. The replacement of steel with optimally designed composite leaf spring can provide 75%-78% weight reduction. The material selected is carbon epoxy against conventional steel. The optimization study consists of use of software\u27s such as NASTRAN / ANSYS software. The experimentation on UTM is carried out and results are compared. Moreover, the composite leaf spring has lower stresses compared to steel spring. All these will result in fuel saving which will make countries energy independent because fuel saved is fuel produced

Mycotic Lesions in Surgical Pathology.

The Fungal Diseases Are Grouped Arbitrarily Into Four Broad Categories Based On The Predominant Location Of Infection Within The Body As Superficial, Cutaneous, Subcutaneous And Systemic Infection. Superficial Mycoses Are Those In Which The Fungus Is Usually Confined To The Keratinized Layer Of The Skin And Its Appendages. The Cutaneous And Subcutaneous Mycoses Are A Polymorphic Group Of Diseases Caused By A Variety Of Fungi. Systemic Mycoses Usually Have A Pulmonary Inception From Which They Disseminate To Other Organs. Most Fungal Infections Occur Because A Person Is Exposed To A Source Of Fungi Such As Spores On Surfaces Or In The Air, Soil Or Bird Dropings. Usually There Is A Break Or Deficiency In The Bodys Immune System Defences And The Person Provides The “Right Environment” For The Fungi To Grow. Any One Can Have A Fungal Infection But Certain Populations Are At Increased Risk Of Fungal Infections And Recurrence Of The Infection. These Include HIV–AIDS Spectrum, Malignancy, Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Organ Transplant Recipients, Those Who Are On Chemotherapy Or Immunosuppressants, Prolonged Intake Of Steroids For Chronic Disorders Like Bronchial Asthma, Rheumatoid Arthritis And Inborn Immunological Deficiencies. Neutropenic Patients Are Prone To Develop Invasive Mycosis. Persons Who Have Undergone Abdominal Or Cardiac Surgery And Those Who Received Repeated Intravenous Injections Are At Risk Of Mycoses. In The Macroscopic Evaluation Of Tissue Specimens, Mycotic Infections Are Frequently Mistaken For Neoplasms Or Other Diseases And A Mycosis Often May Not Be Considered Until The Histopathological Examination Is Complete2. There Are Four Basic Approaches To The Diagnonsis Of Mycotic Diseases: (1) Clinical (2) Mycologic (3) Immunologic (4) Pathologic. Diseases Caused By Fungi May Be Difficult To Distinguish Both Clinically And Pathologically From Those Caused By Other Microbial Agents. Because Serological Test Have Certain Limitations And Have Not Been Developed For Some Fungal Diseases, A Definitive Diagnosis Of Mycotic Disease Often Rests On Direct Microscopic Demonstration Of A Fungus In Tissues And Exudates, Or On Isolating And Identifying It In Culture. Histopathology Should Not Be A Substitute For Mycologic Culture ; Rather The Two Should Complement Each Other Whenever Possible.Histopathologic Evaluation Provides Indisputable Evidence Of Tissue Invasion And Therefore Can Confirm The Pathogenic Significance Of A Cultural Isolate That Belongs To The Body Flora Or That Is Usually Encountered As An Environmental Contaminant In Culture. Histopathology Can Also Confirm The Presence Of Coexisting Infections By Other Fungi, Bacteria, Viruses And Protozoans Thus Guiding The Clinician In The Selecting The Most Appropriate Therapy And Management For The Patient. Although Some Fungi And Related Organisms Can Be Detected In Hematoxylin And Eosin Stained Tissue Sections, Special Histochemical Stains Are Usually Necessary To Demonstrate Their Morphology In Detail. Fungi Can Be Adequately Detected In Cytologic Specimens Obtained By Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy, Brushing, Washing Or Scraping. A Drawback Of Cytologic Specimens However May Be The Inability To Distinguish Invasive Fungal Infections From Fungal Colonization1. The Three Common Fungal Stains Used Are Gomori Methenamine Silver (GMS)5,36, The Gridley Fungus (GF), And The Periodic Acid – Schiff (PAS) Procedures. GMS Procedure Is Considered To Be The Best Of The Special Fungal Stains For Screening A Tissue Section Because It Provides Better Contrast And Stains Fungal Cells That Are Refractory To The GF And PAS Procedures

Improved Performance of DPFC Using Sliding Mode Controller Method

Modern power systems demand the need of active power flow with the help of Power Electronics control devices is needed. In the family of Flexible AC Transmission devices (FACTS), Dynamic PFC (DPFC) offers the same controlling function as Unified PFC (UPFC), comprising the control of transmission angle, bus voltage and line impedance. A technical modification of UPFC is DPFC in which fluctuations of voltage at DC link is eliminated that enables the individual operation as series and parallel controllers. The concept of DFACTS is used in design of the series converter. The replacement of  the  high  rating  three  phase  series  converter with  the multiple low rating single phase converters results in cost reduction and increases reliability greatly. This DC Link is used to transfer the real power between two converters in UPFC such as in DPFC which eliminates the 3rd harmonic frequencies at transmission lines. D-FACTS converters are acting as insulation between high voltage phases acts as 1-ᴓ floating with respect to ground. These results in lower cost for the DPFC system compared to the UPFC. This paper describes the comparison of PI and Sliding Mode Controllers which conclude that SMC is a better control strategy compared to PI

An Ayurvedic approach to Post Covid Symptoms

COVID- 19, the recent virus outbreak declared as Pandemic by WHO threatened the world by its fast-spreading nature and is yet creating an alarmed situation throughout the world by Post Covid Symptoms. A recent study on post-COVID manifestation of symptoms showed that about 72 percent of participants had major complaints only 10.8 percent of survivors assessed in the study had no symptoms or manifestations Post Covid. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, tiredness, and dry cough. Some patients may have aches and pain. However, the worlds had suffered a lot with this pandemic, further the Post Covid symptoms, may add burden to the population in handling their daily works and needs. The incidence is higher in older age group, obesity, diabetic, hypertensive and other respiratory illness. Due to persistent viremia, lack of immunity, Mental factors and other immune responses. Aim: To Understand the Post COVID Symptoms and Their Management Through Ayurvedic Treatment Modalities. Data source: Ayurvedic literature, Different Ayurvedic and Medical journal, Review articles, Evidence-based articles published online, various National health websites are considered. Result: Ayurveda has enormous potential and treatment options which are available for enhancing the immunity and systemic illness and positively influence mental health, thus helpful in combating Post Covid symptoms. Conclusion: Ayurveda should be used as main treatment modality for Heath restoration and Prevention of Post Covid symptoms and recurrence, rather than an adjuvant therapy in treating Post COVID symptoms

Prescription pattern and rationality of antihypertensive drugs in patients of type 2 diabetes with hypertension: a pilot study

Background: As presence of hypertension (HTN) in type 2 diabetes significantly increases risk of morbidity and mortality, its control with rational use of antihypertensives is essential. Authors performed this study to understand the current prescribing pattern of antihypertensives in patients of type 2 diabetes and their assess the rationality to recommendations of JNC-8 guidelines.Methods: Authors performed a cross sectional survey of prescription of diagnosed patients of diabetes with HTN at a tertiary care hospital. Prescription of patients attending medicine OPD were scanned. Data was collected over 2 month and analyzed with descriptive statistics.Results: In 76 patients analysed, mean age was 54.9±9.3 years and 51.3% were females. Insulin and oral antidiabetic agents were prescribed in 16 (21.1%) and 73 (96.1%) patients respectively. One, two, three and four antihypertensive drugs were prescribed in 44 (57.9%), 28 (36.8%), 3 (3.9%) and 1 (1.3%) patients respectively and 24 (31.6%) of them were fixed dose combinations. Among antihypertensives, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), thiazide diuretics, beta blockers (BBs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were present in 29 (38.2%), 26 (34.2%), 22 (28.9%), 21 (27.6%) and 14 (18.4%) respectively. In individual drugs, ramipril (28.9%) was most common followed by telmisartan (26.3%), hydrochlorothiazide (26.3%), atenolol (16, 21.1%) and amlodipine (17.1%) were frequently prescribed. In adjuvant drugs, antiplatelet (52.6%) and statins (56.6%) were common. This pattern of prescription was as per the recommendations of recent JNC-8 guidelines for treatment of hypertension.Conclusions: ACEIs/ARB are the most preferred for HTN treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prescription of antihypertensives in our set up was rational as per JNC-8 recommendations